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Pull an EC2 console log using the AWS CLI api and jq

AWS provides a REST Api to everything they offer, and returns the results in Json format. If you have a server in a private network in a VPC, you might want to get the logs to see what happened at boot time, and the aws cli gives you a simple way of doing that:

CODE:
aws ec2 get-console-output --instance-id {i-xxxxxxxx}



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Howto serve a markdown document

Allmark is a simple self contained Markdown html renderer and server from developer Andreas Koch, that is written in Go.

You could certainly install Allmark locally, but there are numerous editors or standalone operating system specific markdown parsers you could use.

But what if you have some markdown documentation on a server, and need a quick and easy way to access that documentation? You can always just look at the raw markdown using vim, but what fun is that?

Allmark is a full markdown server, but installing a server just to read a couple of markdown documents is something very few people would want to do. If however, your server has docker installed, you can be reading your documentation in all its rendered glory in a matter of a few seconds. Here is how:

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Vagrant Share and Ngrok

As more and more people utilize virtualization for development the need to easily and securely share your work in progress with team members or clients can be a great boost to productivity. Such a tool is also not bad when your kid wants to let his friend access that local minecraft server you are running on your workstation for him, not that I would know anything about that. There are several utilities that are available, and now a plug and play option that is available if you use vagrant.

In recent versions of Vagrant, Hashcorp has added a plugin called Vagrant-share. You can see if its installed by running

CODE:
vagrant plugin list

And you should see something like this:

CODE:
vagrant-share (1.1.9, system)

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Putting Apache on a diet - how to get a lean configuration, Part 1

In this article I'm going to go over some of the details of how Apache works, and uses memory. As you will see, the apache processes that serve requests will grow to include the amount of memory they need for a particular request, and they will still be using that memory, even when they are serving something simple like a .css file or an image.

For this reason, the first limitation you are likely to encounter running Apache is a limitation on memory. I will explore this topic and show you how you can do the same.

The first thing need to determine about Apache is what mode it is running in. If your plan is to use Apache with php via mod_apache, then the prevailing wisdom for many years has been that there may be library extensions in PHP that are not thread safe. For this reason, people have tended to avoid running Apache as a threaded server, for fear that scripts may randomly die producing the dreaded 500 Internal server error pages we all know and love.

This fear may be overstated depending on the nature of your php code, but the defaults for apache packages I've seen, seem almost always to be using the prefork worker.

Prefork vs Worker?

So the first question you might be asking yourself is, which mode is my current apache server running in? There is a simple safe way to determine this -- run the httpd(apache) program with a specific command line switch. There are programs like which and whereis that might help you locate it, if you don't know where it is.


whereis httpd
 


CODE:
httpd: /usr/sbin/httpd.worker /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd.event /etc/httpd /usr/share/man/man8/httpd.8.gz

So let's run the /usr/sbin/httpd with the -h for help and see what happens:




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PHP Mysql support: mysql or mysqlnd?

So you are installing a modern version of php using one of the alternative repositories, and suddenly you are confronted with a confusing choice. You want support for mysql (mysqli or PDO-mysql) in your php program. But which one to choose?

First off, you should probably be using PDO. It's just a cleaner database interface when compared to mysqli, and also tends to be the supported option if you're using an ORM like Doctrine2.

But you probably have found that installing the PDO package doesn't get you support for MySQL.

So what are these 2 packages? Well let's see what yum under Centos shows us, once we've setup webtatic as a repo:


 * webtatic: us-east.repo.webtatic.com
==============================================
php56w-mysql.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
php56w-mysqlnd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
 


In short, the mysql extension aka the mysql library is to quote Oracle/mysql
... a general-purpose client library
named libmysql.

This was the original php approach to supporting mysql. MySQL provided a client api library, and using that c library, a php extension was created that depends upon libmysql implementing the famous mysql_ functions that allowed php to talk to mysql.

The mysqlnd package (where nd stands for "native driver") is the fruit of a project to make mysql work optimally in the php language. Again to quote the mysql site:

The mysqlnd library is highly optimized for and tightly integrated into PHP. The MySQL Client Library cannot offer the same optimizations because it is a general-purpose client library.

The mysqlnd library is using PHP internal C infrastructure for seamless integration into PHP. In addition, it is using PHP memory management, PHP Streams (I/O abstraction) and PHP string handling routines. The use of PHP memory management by mysqlnd allows, for example, memory savings by using read-only variables (copy on write) and makes mysqlnd apply to PHP memory limits.


On top of these benefits are a number of interesting enhancements and support for plugins that might be of specific interest to you as a developer or sysadmin.

In general nothing should break in your code as the api should work the same under mysqlnd as it did with the old mysql library.

Conclusion

In summary, you want to use mysqlnd now and in the future.



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More git prompt - Does it work on a Mac?

So a few years ago I wrote this article about setting a custom shell prompt that is "Git aware" and shows you your current branch.

The question came up as to whether or not this works on a Mac under OS/X.

I have always advocated avoiding things like WAMP or MAMP because I don't like a bunch of services running on my workstation. I prefer using virtualization to run a *nix distro matching whatever target deployment server I'm going to run under. VMWare, Virtualbox etc. along with the popularity of Vagrant and Docker have tremendous advantages over something like MAMP in my experience. You start the environment when you need it, and stop it when you don't, and there's no problem having 5 different VM's with different stacks and php versions.

For this reason, I have never been all that concerned with setting a git aware shell prompt up on my macbook. But as it's a *nix-like operating system, it has the basics you need to make the shell prompt code work, albeit with 2 required tweaks.

First you have to edit the /etc/profile script so that it will look for and read scripts in an /etc/profile.d directory. sudo vi, nano or whatever you want to edit the /etc/profile script and add this at the bottom:


for sh in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
        [ -r "$sh" ] && . "$sh"
done
unset sh
 


This is simple bourne shell code to read in scripts in the /etc/profile.d directory when you login to a shell. It is a system-wide script, so when you change this, you change it for all users on the system.

Now you just have to create the /etc/profile.d directory.


sudo mkdir /etc/profile.d
 


Once this is done, you can use the same simple method described in the original article.



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